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　　要了解鋰電池的電壓范圍，先要區分鋰電池電池電壓和鋰電池組電壓的區別，也要了解鋰電池的類型，因為不同鋰電池的電壓范圍也不同，然后了解標稱電壓、滿電電壓和放電終止電壓的區別，這樣才能更好的了解鋰電池的電壓范圍。

　　1、從鋰(li)電(dian)池不同類(lei)別了解鋰(li)電(dian)池的電(dian)壓范圍。

　　鋰電池的電芯由于化學原料的特性不同，它們的電池電壓也會不同。具體情況如下：

　　(1)聚合物鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)4.2V、4.35V、4.4V甚至4.45V。一(yi)般來說(shuo)，4.35V以上(shang)屬(shu)于高壓(ya)(ya)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，能量密度高，生產(chan)技術(shu)要(yao)求高，成本相對較(jiao)高。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))一(yi)般高于3.2V。目(mu)前市場(chang)上(shang)較(jiao)常規的(de)是(shi)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)4.2V，標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)3.7V，終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)3.0V，該技術(shu)應用普及(ji)度也比(bi)較(jiao)高，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)現在市場(chang)上(shang)的(de)3C類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產(chan)品，基本上(shang)都是(shi)用普通的(de)4.2V鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

　　(2)磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)(tie)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍為(wei)2.0至(zhi)3.65V。磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)(tie)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)3.65V，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)2.0V。為(wei)了(le)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命，一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)制造(zao)商的(de)(de)(de)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會高于2.0V。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)化(hua)學(xue)材料的(de)(de)(de)特點，鐵(tie)(tie)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量密度(du)低于聚合物鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，但在安全性能(neng)和(he)價(jia)格成本上(shang)更高，因(yin)此許多新能(neng)源汽(qi)車使(shi)用磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)(tie)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

　　(3)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范圍為(wei)2.6-4.2V，稱為(wei)3.6V。鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)池滿電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)4.2V，終(zhong)止放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)2.6V，稱為(wei)3.6V。

　　(4)鎳(nie)氫鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍(wei)為1.0至1.4V，標(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)為1.2V。這里需要簡單介(jie)紹(shao)一(yi)下標(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。標(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)以簡單理(li)解為平(ping)(ping)均放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，但是做電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的一(yi)般是放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)臺的平(ping)(ping)均值。

　　2、從(cong)電(dian)池組方面了(le)解(jie)鋰電(dian)池的電(dian)壓范圍。

　　用戶在購買鋰電(dian)池時(shi)，經常會看到比4.2V等電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)更高的電(dian)池，如(ru)6V、12V、24V等，而在很多情況下，我(wo)們使用的鋰電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)很多都是十幾伏，這(zhe)是怎(zen)么回事?

　　事(shi)實(shi)(shi)上，無論市(shi)場上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)有多(duo)低，只要(yao)是6V以(yi)上，都是通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)串(chuan)聯(lian)實(shi)(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)。至于容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，是通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)三種并聯(lian)方式實(shi)(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)。例如(ru)我(wo)們簡單介紹一(yi)下24V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)20000mAh容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。如(ru)果使用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是標(biao)稱為(wei)3.7V滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)4.2V的(de)(de)(de)聚合(he)物鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，單個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)是5000mAh，那么需要(yao)多(duo)少(shao)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)串(chuan)聯(lian)和并聯(lian)來實(shi)(shi)現呢?24V除以(yi)3.7V等(deng)于6.5，則需要(yao)7個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯串(chuan)聯(lian)才能達(da)到所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，然后并聯(lian)4組相同的(de)(de)(de)串(chuan)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯組合(he)，才能達(da)到20000mAh的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，則總共需要(yao)7乘以(yi)4等(deng)于28個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯。

　　那么，這種組(zu)合的鋰電池電壓范圍是多(duo)少呢?

　　你可能會想：滿電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)4.2V×7=29.4V，標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)3.7V×7=25.9V，終止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)3.2V×7=22.4V。

　　所以鋰電池的電壓范圍是22.4V-29.4V嗎?事實上，這只是一個理論值，因為電池組通常有電池保護板。一般來說，電池組成電池后，電池的終止電壓會略高，滿電電壓會略低。在這種情況下，鋰電池的電壓范圍會小于理論值22.4V-29.4V。也許是23V-28V這樣，但鋰電池廠家在設計鋰電池保護板時，會將該電池組限制在安全使用的電壓范圍內，具體數量會因鋰電池廠家生產制造技術水平的不同而有所不同。