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　　如何理解過充現象

　　過充(chong)(chong)其(qi)實很好理解(jie)，就(jiu)是手機在顯示電(dian)量已滿(man)的情況(kuang)下還在繼(ji)續(xu)為手機電(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，這種時候(hou)我(wo)們就(jiu)稱手機正發生(sheng)(sheng)過充(chong)(chong)。在電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量已滿(man)的情況(kuang)下繼(ji)續(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)會導致正極材料(liao)結(jie)構變化(hua)，造成(cheng)容量損失，而其(qi)分解(jie)放氧(yang)與電(dian)解(jie)液會發生(sheng)(sheng)劇烈的化(hua)學反應(ying)，壞的結(jie)果自然就(jiu)是發生(sheng)(sheng)爆炸。

　　一般常識也告訴我們，電池佳的保存方法常溫且干燥處，不管是鎳氫電池還是鋰離子電池其實都相同。當過充發生時，毫無疑問電流轉化的熱能會大量散發出來，從而導致鋰離子電池正極電解質發生反應，消耗鋰離子電池的大電容量，當熱量積攢到一定程度時，起火、爆炸這類事件都是有可能發生。

　　如何防止鋰離子電池過充

　　其(qi)實(shi)現在大部分的(de)(de)手(shou)機已經(jing)都有IC防護存在。充電器本身也會對(dui)電壓(ya)、電流(liu)進(jin)行監控(kong)。為了保護電池和用戶的(de)(de)使(shi)用安全，在移(yi)動設備上往往會采用涓流(liu)充電的(de)(de)方法。

　　使用USB口進行充電時假如不計算線材上的損耗，USB充電口會與手機進行協商充電并匹配適合的電流，如此一來便可以保證手機不會因為高電流的輸入導致大部分電流的損失。在鋰離子電池電量較低，如10%左右。

　　此時(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的效率高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)也達到(dao)高(gao)狀態。隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量的新增(zeng)，手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)要求的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會(hui)逐漸減小，在還剩后10%-20%到(dao)達滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)甚至手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)會(hui)請求進(jin)行(xing)脈沖小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從而達到(dao)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的目的，這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式也被稱為涓流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是目前主流(liu)(liu)手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法，以(yi)此來(lai)降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量上限(xian)的損耗，延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命。

　　除了(le)手(shou)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供(gong)應(ying)了(le)過充保護(hu)，還有一種方式就是依靠(kao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插座來(lai)進行防(fang)過充。插座要(yao)供(gong)應(ying)防(fang)過充必須(xu)先要(yao)供(gong)應(ying)一個穩定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)波動越大則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也會受到影響。尤其是我國(guo)夜晚(wan)時(shi)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)波動頻繁，能(neng)保證USB口(kou)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)穩定就非常重要(yao)。一般來(lai)說USB充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為5V，一些可以智能(neng)分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)USB充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)會在手(shou)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池接近滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態時(shi)稍許(xu)降(jiang)低充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)口(kou)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，以降(jiang)低輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)緩解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力。

　　這些方法關于手(shou)機(ji)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)都(dou)有(you)(you)很好的抑制(zhi)用途(tu)，但歸根(gen)就底(di)還是因為(wei)我們在手(shou)機(ji)完成充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的情況(kuang)下(xia)沒有(you)(you)拔掉電(dian)源(yuan)，讓手(shou)機(ji)不斷重復(fu)放電(dian)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的過(guo)程，導致電(dian)容量上限的減少。

　　過充并不是一件小事

　　對于普通的(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)機用戶(hu)來(lai)說過充真(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不是一(yi)件小事，手(shou)機電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命直接影響到了你使用這(zhe)臺手(shou)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，假如(ru)放任手(shou)機肆(si)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)過充，相信(xin)不到一(yi)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)池就要夭折。

　　假如你能看(kan)到電(dian)池的(de)(de)背面(mian)已經稍(shao)稍(shao)隆起(qi)，那(nei)沒準就是(shi)過充(chong)惹的(de)(de)禍。往大了說(shuo)，過充(chong)甚至直接影響到了你的(de)(de)安全，那(nei)些山寨機的(de)(de)劣(lie)質電(dian)池可保不準會(hui)放個(ge)煙花什么的(de)(de)。想要從根本上防止過充(chong)，看(kan)來還是(shi)要從時間控(kong)制上下手才行。